In a recent development, two infants in Bengaluru have been diagnosed with Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), marking the first reported cases of this virus in India.
Case Details
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) reported that a three-month-old female and an eight-month-old male, both with a history of bronchopneumonia, tested positive for HMPV at Bengaluru’s Baptist Hospital. The female infant has been discharged, while the male infant is currently undergoing treatment and is reported to be recovering.
About Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)
HMPV is a respiratory virus that can cause illnesses ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory issues such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. It primarily affects young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Symptoms typically include cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing and by touching contaminated surfaces.
Global Context
These cases in Bengaluru come amid reports of a surge in HMPV infections in China, particularly among children under 14. Chinese health authorities have noted an increase in respiratory infections, including HMPV, during the winter months. Hospitals in certain regions have experienced overcrowding due to the rise in cases, leading to concerns about healthcare capacity.
Health Ministry’s Response
The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has stated that HMPV is already in circulation globally, including in India, and that cases of respiratory illnesses associated with HMPV have been reported in various countries. The ministry emphasized that, based on current data from ICMR and the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) network, there has been no unusual surge in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) or Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) cases in the country.
Preventive Measures and Recommendations
Given the contagious nature of HMPV, health experts recommend the following preventive measures:
- Hand Hygiene: Regularly wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Respiratory Etiquette: Cover mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow when coughing or sneezing.
- Avoid Close Contact: Stay away from individuals exhibiting symptoms of respiratory illness.
- Disinfect Surfaces: Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces.
- Stay Home When Unwell: Individuals experiencing symptoms should stay home to prevent spreading the virus.
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV. Management focuses on relieving symptoms, and in severe cases, hospitalization may be required to provide supportive care such as oxygen therapy.
Conclusion
The detection of HMPV in two infants in Bengaluru highlights the importance of vigilance and adherence to preventive health measures, especially among vulnerable populations. While the current situation does not indicate a widespread outbreak, continued monitoring and public awareness are essential to mitigate the impact of respiratory viruses like HMPV.
